髋关节置换术治疗老年患者的严重粉碎移位的股骨粗隆间骨折的临床研究

目的：观察使用髋关节置换术治疗严重粉碎移位的股骨粗隆间骨折老年患者的临床疗效。方法：选取严重粉碎移位股骨粗隆间骨折老年患者103例,他们均是2018年4月-2020年4月期间被我院收治入院实施手术治疗。将患者分成两组施行手术,其中研究组53例,该组患者接受髋关节置换术治疗,对照组50例,该组患者接受内固定术治疗。患者治疗后进行3个月的随访,观察患者的治疗效果以及症状的改善程度、症状体征恢复情况,包括骨折愈合时间、手术后关节可活动时间,记录好患者治疗后出现的不良反应类型。结果：研究组骨折愈合时间(31.8±8.59)天、术后可活动时间(6.9±2.69)天,均显著少于对照组,而Harris评分(92.7±1.88)分明显高于对照组,差异具统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组治疗后总有效率(96.2%)明显高于对照组(76.0%),差异具统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组不良反应发生率(9.43%)明显低于对照组(20%),差异具统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：运用髋关节置换术治疗老年患者严重粉碎移位的股骨粗隆间骨折,可达到创口小、疼痛低的效果,症状得到更好的改善,骨折愈合时间更短、不良反应少,安全性和预后良好。     

Mildly decreased preoperative bilirubin levels are associated with infections after shoulder and knee arthroplasty

Increasing numbers of arthroplasties are also accompanied by postoperative infections. The main purpose was to evaluate preoperative serum bilirubin levels between patients with and without infections after shoulder and knee arthroplasties. For this retrospective case-control single-center study, a total of 108 patients were extracted from a prospectively collected database. Eighteen patients with infections after shoulder (n = 8) and knee (n = 10) arthroplasty were matched by age, gender, and implant type in a 1:5-scenario to 90 patients (40 shoulders and 50 knees) without postoperative infection. Demographic data, preoperative blood parameters, and postoperative infection-related outcomes were evaluated. Total bilirubin was the only preoperative parameter significantly different between the infection (8.21 ± 3.25 μmol/L or 0.48 ± 0.19 mg/dL) and noninfection (10.78 ± 4.62 μmol/L or 0.63 ± 0.27 mg/dL; P = .014) group, while C-reactive protein and other liver parameters were similar between the groups. Significantly more controls (92.1%) had preoperative bilirubin levels above 8.72 μmol/L or 0.51 mg/dL than cases (7.9%; P = .007). The 5-year infection survival-rate was 65.6% for patients with preoperative bilirubin levels < 8.72 μmol/L or < 0.51 mg/dL and 91.2% with ≥ 8.72 μmol/L or ≥ 0.51 mg/dL. Mildly decreased preoperative bilirubin levels with a cutoff at 8.72 μmol/L or 0.51 mg/dL were significantly associated to patients with infections after shoulder and knee arthroplasty. There were no differences in other blood parameters or comorbidities between patients with infections and their matched-controls.     

Aortitis and periaortitis: The puzzling spectrum of inflammatory aortic diseases

Aortitis and periaortitis are inflammatory diseases of the aorta and its main branches; they differ in the extension of inflammation, which is confined to the aortic wall in aortitis, and spreads to the periaortic space in periaortitis. Aortitis is classified as non-infectious or infectious. Non-infectious aortitis represents a common feature of large-vessel vasculitides but can also be isolated or associated with other rheumatologic conditions. Periaortitis can be idiopathic or secondary to a wide array of etiologies such as drugs, infections, malignancies, and other proliferative diseases. Notably, both aortitis and periaortitis may arise in the context of IgG4-related disease, a recently characterised fibro-inflammatory systemic disease. Prompt recognition, correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential in order to avoid life-threatening complications.